– Discussion: – there is a transverse fracture in the coronal calcaneal plane that occurs between the posterior facet and the Achilles insertion; – hence, the secondary fracture line extends from crucial angle of Gissane to posterior border of calaneus, exiting on superior surface of calcaneus (posterior to posterior margin of posterior facet); – the posterior … Read more
– See: Midfoot/Forefoot Fractures – Discussion: – involves frx at base of fifth metatarsal at metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction, which typically extends into the 4-5 intermetatarsal facet; – Jones frx is located w/in 1.5 cm distal to tuberosity of 5th metatarsal & should not be confused w/ more common avulsion frx of 5 th metatarsal styloid; – … Read more
– See: – Cervical Spine in JRA – Upper Extremity: JRA – Discussion: – joints may appear worse than they feel; – joint effusion may be only finding; – child may walk on affected joint, despite swelling, warmth, & limitation of motion; – … Read more
– See: – Distal Femoral Shaft Fractures – Infected IM nails – Open Fractures – Proximal Femoral Shaft Fractures – Synthes IM Femoral Nail – Discussion: Intramedullary Nailing: – closed IM nailing has supplanted other forms of treatment for femur frx; – it affords predictable realignment of bone, rapid regeneration … Read more
– See: – Dorsal Interossei – Lumbricals: – Palmar Interossei – Hypothenar Eminence: – muscles of hypothenar eminence are abductor, flexor, opponens digiti minimi, & palmaris brevis; – muscles of hypothenar eminence are innervated by ulnar nerve; – Thenar Eminence: … Read more
– See: – Intrinsic Muscles: – Discussion: – results from intrisic stiffness (contracture); – specific causes: – truama: – posttraumatic intrinsic contractures may occur after severe injuries to hand that have resulted in considerable edema or … Read more
– Discussion: – claw hand deformity is manifested by flattening of the transverse metacarpal arch and longitudinal arches, with hyperextension of MCP joints and flexion of the PIP and DIP joints; – deformity is produced by imbalance of the intrinsic & extrinsics; – intrinsic muscles must be markedly weakened or paralyzed to produce claw deformity; … Read more
– Discussion: (see IM Nailing of subtrochanteric fractures) – a type of intramedullary device (designed for intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures) which allows controled sliding of the femoral head screw within the IM nail glidign hole; – advantages of IM device: – IM nail with interlocking reconstruction … Read more
– Discussion: – as with all femur fractures be sure that a femoral neck fracture is not present; – Operative Technique: – position: – supine with several folded sheets placed underneath the injured thigh and knee; – the injuried thigh must be … Read more
origin and insertion: pairs of small muscles joining the spinous process of adjacent vertebrae, one on each side of the interspinalis ligament; continuous in the cervical region extending from the axis to the 2nd thoracic vertebrae and in the lumbar region from the first lumbar vertebrae to the sacrum; action: extension and hyperextension of the spine; nerve … Read more