– Discussion: – malleolar screws with cortex thread, shaft & trocar tip have limited use in the metaphyseal area, distal humerus, trochanteric area, & sometimes in the ankle, where the bone is rather dense; – malleolar scew has a smooth shaft and is partially threaded; – … Read more
– See: Lumbar Plexus: – Anatomy: – lumbosacral plexus is derived from L4, L5, S1, S2, S3 & S4 roots, each giving rise to anterior and posterior branches; – anterior branches supply flexor muscles of limb, & posterior branches supply extensor and abductor muscles; – superior gluteal nerve (L4 … Read more
– Discussion: – spinal stensosis is a narrowing of the lumbar spinal canal and/or neural foramina; – results in compression of the cauda equina and lumbar nerve roots, producing neural root ischemia and neurogenic claudication; – compression of neural structures also compresses vascular supply of nerves so that symptoms are predominately those of … Read more
– Discussion: – their heights are less than their horizontal diameters; – pedicles are relatively short and project from the upper half of body; – laminae are thick & droop below level of pedicles but do not overlap; – spinous process is hatchet-shaped and projects horizontally, with … Read more
– Discussion: – for treatment of DVT / PE; – hypercoagulable states – coagulation pathway – anti-Xa to anti IIa ratio for enoxaparin is about 3 to 1 where as unfractionated heparin has a ratio of 1 to 1; – hence LMWH has a greater inhibitory effect … Read more
– Discussion: – low back pain is the second most common symptomatic reason for physician visits (followed by URTI) – diff dx: – waddel criteria: – Exam of Lumbar Spine: – exam of C-Spine: – neuro exam – general assessment: … Read more
– Discussion: – PFFD – its impotant to distinguish between lengthening down the anatomic axis and lengthening down the mechanical axis; – lengthening along the anatomic axis will displace the knee medially (displacing the mechanical axis); – lengthening along the mechanical axis does not … Read more
– See: Arthrodesis following TKR: – PreOp Planning for Arthrodesis: – Discussion: – arthrodesis provides potential of a painless, stable base of support but it does so at the expense of knee motion; – optimal position of arthrodesis: – slight valgus, 10 deg of external rotation, … Read more
– Discussion: – limb-girdle muscular dystrophy encompasses a wide variety of clinical diseases; – characterized by weakness of the shoulders and hips with weakness of the distal muscles of the limbs in more severely affected patients; – usually transmitted in an autosomal recessive mode but there … Read more
– Discussion: – see: limb development and physeal anatomy; – leg length discrepancy leads to awkward gait, & pelvic obliquity. – treatment of limb length inequality, requires an ability to predict leg length discrepancy at skeletal maturity; – differential diagnosis of limb length inequality – … Read more