– Discussion: – highest percentage of missed injuries occur in this region; – Exam: – Torticollis: – Radiographs: – Atlanto-occipital Disassociation – C1-C2 interspinous space should not be greater than 10 mm; – occipital condyles should articulate w/ lateral … Read more
– See: Pillar View – Discussion: – demonstrates primarily neural foramina, pedicles, articular masses, apophyseal joints, & relative relationship at lamina; – oblique views show the pedicle in profile, and also allows assesment of the intervertebral foramina (and osteophytes encroaching along their margins); – Technique: – routine oblique … Read more
– Discussion: – abnormally narrow intercondylar notches have been shown to correlate directly with an increased incidence of ACL tears; – w/ excessive internal rotation of the femur, the ACL may be ruptured as it impinges on the edge of the intercondylar notch; – notchplasty is used to widen the anterior portion and recess of the … Read more
1) Because WRIGHTLOCK rods have a smaller diameter than other systems, the rods will seem flexible. However, a fully assembled WRIGHTLOCK construct will create rigidity comparable to a large rod system. The OCS instrumentation helps ensure a maximum correction by allowing the surgeon to plan the strains in the rods. With a large rod system, … Read more
– Discussion: – non steroidals exert their actions by inhibiting isoforms of cyclo-oxygenase 1 and 2; – cox 1: expressed in the stomach and kidneys; – cox 2: – cox 2 receptor is not normally expressed in synovial tissue; – regulates inflammatory response and is responsible for disease symptoms; – Specific Agents: – Aspirin – … Read more
– See: – Humeral Fracture Non Union – Tibial Non Unions – Femoral Shaft Non Union – Discussion: – see bone healing and bone blood supply – definition: fracture that lacks potential to heal without further intervention – frx of shaft of long bone should not be considered nonunion until at … Read more
– Total Femoral Replacement: – indications: reconstruction following tumor resection – technique: – lateral position on a bean bag – begin proximally with a posterior approach to the hip – divide fascia laterally over femur and continue proximally to … Read more
– See: Neuro Exam – Discussion: – mechanism of injury: – direct neural injury from sacral frx; – indirect neural injury from traction accompanying pelvic displacement; – injury to lumbrosacral plexus is most common w/ L-5 & S-1 roots being at greatest … Read more
– See: Innervation: – Discussion: – paresthesias in buttocks are an important sign of possible cord dysfunction; – since segments S3, S4, S5 are the lowest and most peripheral segments in the spinal cord, an extramedullary lesion at any level may first compress these fibers and … Read more
– See Innervation: Gluteal, Inferior: L5, S1, S2 Gluteal, Superior: L4, L5, S1 Peroneal Nerve: L4, L5, S1, S2 Posterior Femoral: S1, S2, … Read more