Medical Malpractice Insurance for orthopaedic surgeons

Arterial Supply to Femur

– See: – Blood Supply Femoral Head & Neck – Anatomy of Circulation: – mainly supplied by profunda femoris: – nutrient artery usually enters bone proximally and posteriorly along linea aspera; – usually there is only one nutrient artery (maximum of 2); – usually it comes of the 2nd perforating artery: – after giving off … Read more

Arterial Trauma

– See: – Artery Menu – Arterial Injuries Associated with Fractures – Pharmocological Agents in Vascular Surgery: – Technique of Microanatomosis: – Arteriography – Types of Injuries: – intimal injuries: – nonsevered artery: – results from blunt force or stretch, may follow passage of missle; – results in loss or reduction of flow w/o external … Read more

Arcuate Complex

– Discussion:     – includes posterior 1/3 of lateral supporting structures;     – it includes LCL, arcuate ligament, & exension of popliteus;            – posterior 1/3 of the lateral ligamentous complex is reinforced by biceps, popliteus, & lateral head of gastrocnemius;     – LCL:         … Read more

Arcuate Ligament

– Discussion:     – it is not a separate ligament but is condensation of fibers of origin of popliteus and helps form the arcuate complex:     – arcuate ligament is a Y shaped condensation of fibers that courses from the fibular head, over the popliteus, to            insert on the posterior capsule;     … Read more

Arginine

Arginine stimulates wound healing and immune function in elderly human beings.

Aricular Hematoma / Cauliflower Ear

– Discusion:     – arises from direct blows to the ear;     – trauma and resulting hematoma causes perichondrium to to separate from the cartilage, which cuts off              blood supply to the cartilage (causing cartilage necrosis);     – Management:     – aspiration and application of … Read more

Arterial Blood Gas

– See:       – Metabolic Acidosis       – Resp. Acidosis       – Metabolic Alkalosis       – Resp. Alkalosis – Decreased PaCO2:     – if PaCOz is less than 35 mmHg and pH more than 7.45, the patient is hyperventilated and the respiratory frequency or IMV rate of … Read more

Arterial Development of the Limbs

(See also: Adult Upper Limb Arteries) Discussion: Upper Limb Development subclavian artery projects into the early upper limb bud & forms subclavian-axillary-brachial  trunk; its distal portion becomes interosseous artery that initially supplies plexus of arteries in the primitive hand; branch of trunk artery, median artery, temporarily replaces interosseous artery in supplying the hand; subsequently, ulnar … Read more

Arava / Leflunomide

Discussion used to retard the progression of rheumatoid arthritis; may substitute for methotrexate or sulfasalazine; liver enzymes should be monitored during treatment; loading dose: 100 mg PO qd for 3 days followed by maintenance dose of 20 mg PO qd; this medication can be given to patients recieving non steroidals and/or steroids

Arcade of Struthers

– Discussion:     – in middle of the arm, ulnar nerve pierces medial intermuscular septum and descends in front of the medial head of the triceps;     – in 70-80% of individuals, nerve passes under arcade of Struthers;     – the arcade is a thin aponeurotic band extending from medial head of … Read more