The Hip - book

Arterial Injuries: in THR

– See:         – Total Hip Replacement Menu:         – Anastomosis of Lower Limb Arteries         – Nerve Injuries in THR:         – Acetabular Screw Placement: – Discussion:     – arterial injuries have been reported in 0.1% to 0.2% of all total hip replacements;   … Read more

Open Tibia Fractures: Type C – (Arterial Injuries)

– Discussion:      – these fractures by definition are associated w/ vascular trauma, and have a high prevalence of infection:       – its important to assess viability of the limb, both w/ common sense, as well as w/ objective criteria such as the MESS;       – main controversy is whether tp procede on with vascular repair, frx … Read more

Arterial Development of the Limbs

(See also: Adult Upper Limb Arteries) Discussion: Upper Limb Development subclavian artery projects into the early upper limb bud & forms subclavian-axillary-brachial  trunk; its distal portion becomes interosseous artery that initially supplies plexus of arteries in the primitive hand; branch of trunk artery, median artery, temporarily replaces interosseous artery in supplying the hand; subsequently, ulnar … Read more

Arterial Blood Gas

– See:       – Metabolic Acidosis       – Resp. Acidosis       – Metabolic Alkalosis       – Resp. Alkalosis – Decreased PaCO2:     – if PaCOz is less than 35 mmHg and pH more than 7.45, the patient is hyperventilated and the respiratory frequency or IMV rate of … Read more

Aricular Hematoma / Cauliflower Ear

– Discusion:     – arises from direct blows to the ear;     – trauma and resulting hematoma causes perichondrium to to separate from the cartilage, which cuts off              blood supply to the cartilage (causing cartilage necrosis);     – Management:     – aspiration and application of … Read more

Arginine

Arginine stimulates wound healing and immune function in elderly human beings.

Arcuate Ligament

– Discussion:     – it is not a separate ligament but is condensation of fibers of origin of popliteus and helps form the arcuate complex:     – arcuate ligament is a Y shaped condensation of fibers that courses from the fibular head, over the popliteus, to            insert on the posterior capsule;     … Read more

Arcuate Complex

– Discussion:     – includes posterior 1/3 of lateral supporting structures;     – it includes LCL, arcuate ligament, & exension of popliteus;            – posterior 1/3 of the lateral ligamentous complex is reinforced by biceps, popliteus, & lateral head of gastrocnemius;     – LCL:         … Read more

Arcosyndactyly

– Classification:     – Type I:           – conjoined finger tips with well formed webs w/ normal depth;           – treatment involves separation and contouring of the tips of the digits;           – partial digit ablation may be required;     – … Read more

Arcade of Struthers

– Discussion:     – in middle of the arm, ulnar nerve pierces medial intermuscular septum and descends in front of the medial head of the triceps;     – in 70-80% of individuals, nerve passes under arcade of Struthers;     – the arcade is a thin aponeurotic band extending from medial head of … Read more