Ortho Oracle - orthopaedic operative atlas

Bacteriology of Orthopaedic Infections in Neonates

– See:       – Osteomyelitis in New Born       – Septic Hip – Bacteriology:     – in hospital-acquired cases, staphylococci are the predominant isolates (about 60%), followed by Group B streptococcus, candida & gram-negative bacilli;           – these infections often stem from invasive procedures such as … Read more

Bacteroides

– usually will be reistant to penicillin – try Cefoxitin or clindamycin or Flaggyl; ——————————-        Percent Susceptible Anaerobic Gram Negative Bacilli Antimicrobial      MIC     B.fragilis   other Bacteroides   Fusobacterium                              ug/ml Flaggyl       … Read more

Baker’s Cyst / Popliteal Cysts

– Discussion:     – a type of cyst which results from egress of fluid through a normal communication of a bursa (semimembranosus or medial             gastrocnemius bursa) or may be caused by herniation of the synovial membrane through the joint capsule;     – symptoms develope most often in bursa beneath the medial head of gastrocnemius … Read more

Ballottement test (shuck test): Lunotriquetral instability

– Discussion:    – triquetrum is displaced dorsally and palmarly on the lunate, demonstrating increase excursion over the normal side and often a painful crepitus;    – compression test: displacement of the triquetrum ulnarly during radioulnar deviation, which is also painful; Shear test:      – for triquetrolunate strain;      – shear force applied … Read more

Back Pain in the Child

– Diff Dx:  – Developmental disorders  – Herniated Disc in the Child:  – Osteomyelitis of the Spine:  – Tuberculous Spondylitis:  – Diskitis  – Spinal Cord Tumors  – Primary Bone Tumors  – eosinophilic granuloma  – ewing’s sarcoma  – metastatic neuroblastoma  – Slipped Vertebral Apophysis:  – Spondylothisthesis  – Kyphosis  – Scheuermann’s disease is the most common cause … Read more

Baclofen

– Discussion:     – is the drug of choice for spasticity;     – it potentiates the inhibitory effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid on reflex arcs;     – adult dosing:            – typical regimen begins with a dose of 5 mg given orally twice a day, which is increased to … Read more

Bacterial Endocarditis

– See: Antibiotic Menu – Risk Factors for Endocarditis:     – congenital or acquired heart defects/valvular lesions:     – IHSS     – prosthetic heart valves     – dental procedures     – surgery or instrumentation of the respiratory/GI/GU tracts;     – patients with prior hx; – Prophylactic Recommendations:     … Read more

Bacterial Menu

Antibiotic Menu Gram Negative Bacilli Gram Neg Cocci Gram Positive Bacilli Gram Positive Cocci Achromobacter Acinetobacter anitratus Actinomyces israeli Aeromonas hydrophilia Anaerobic Infections Apophysomyces trapeziformis – Necrotizing Cutaneous Mucormycosis after a Tornado in Joplin, Missouri, in 2011 Bacillus anthracis Bacteroides fragilis Blastomycosis Borrelia burgdorferi Branhamella catarrhalis Candida Chlamydia Citrobacter diversus Clostridium tetani Clostridium perfringens Clostridium … Read more

Bacillus anthracis

– is an aerobic spore forming organism found in sheep, cattle, horses, and swine; – there may be a gangrenous ulcer on the hand, secondary lymphadenitis, septicemia, and further complications; – penicillin is the agent of choice Images in clinical medicine. Cutaneous anthrax.