Data Trace Editor – Discussion: – results from a defect is somatic mutation in the gene coding for alpha subunit of Gs, the G protein that stimulates cAMP formation; – overproduction of cAMP, causes overexpression of c-fos, which regulates proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts; – results in … Read more
– See: Soft Tumor Menu – Discussion: – an invasive, malignant, spindle cell tumor which demonstrates cellular atypia, mitosis, & formation of type I collagen; – it is less aggressive in soft tissue than in bone; – most common soft tissue sarcoma in infants; – lower limb … Read more
– Discussion: – fibrosarcoma of bone occurs most often in adolescents or young adults; – presents in major long bones, presenting as painful mass; – preoperative staging studies are needed to differentiate low grade stage I fibrosarcomas from high grade stage II lesions; – X-rays – poorly defined, … Read more
– See: – Fibroma – Desmoplastic Fibroma – Soft Tissue Menu – Discussion: – refers to multiple fibrous benign tumors which are locally aggressive; – these are more aggresive than solitary fibroma; – these lesions often develope in the proximal limbs or the trunk; – in abdomen, the tumor is called a desmoid tumors; – … Read more
– Presentation: – shortened first toe is characteristic in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva; – recognition of this consistent foot deformity can help in the early diagnosis; – torticollis is common; – Radiographs: – see ossification of soft tissue: – ossification, which occurs in the fascia and … Read more
– Discussion: (see cartilage menu and articular cartilage) – see tendon metaplasia to fibrocartilage; – fibrocartilage is composed of bundles of thick clearly defined collagen fibers, along w/ intervening unicellular islands of cartilage arranged in small chains; – it has moderate proteoglycans but low content of glycosaminoglycans (2% of dry weight). … Read more
– Discussion: – precursor of structural protein fibrin & is composed of duplicate sets of three chains (Aalpha, Bbeta, and gamma) linked by disulfide bonds; – peptide-bond cleavage of fibrinopeptide A and fibrinopeptide B yields soluble fibrin; – fibrin rapidly polymerizes into fibrin strands, ultimately forming fibrin clot that mechanically impedes blood loss
– See: – Transfusion Therapy – Fresh Frozen Plasma – Cryoprecipitate – Fibrin Degradation Products (FDP): – Fibrin Split Products; FSP:<10 ug/mL Increased: – Any thromboembolic condition (DVT, MI, PE), DIC; – Fibrinogen: 150-450 MG/dL – Decreased: Congenital, DIC (Sepsis, Amniotic Fluid Embolism, Abruptio placenta), Surgery (Prostate, Open Heart), Neoplastic & Hematological conditions, … Read more
– See: EMG Menu: – Discussions: – fibrillations are action potentials that arise spontaneously from single muscle fibers; – these usually occur rhythmically and are though to be due oscillations of the resting membrane potential in denervated muscles; – are typically biphasic or triphasic waveforms that are distinguished from … Read more
– Discussion: – Dx of FES requires at least one sign from major criteria and at least four signs from the minor criteria category; – Gurd’s Major Criteria: – axillary or subconjuctival petechia – occurs transiently (4-6 hours) in 50-60 % of the cases; – hypoxemia (PaO sub 2, <60 mmHg; FiO sub 2, <= … Read more