Reconstructive Surgery / Flaps / Grafts

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- See:
      - Arteriography:
      - Microanastomosis:
      - Pharmocological Agents in Vascular Surgery:
      - Vaccum Assisted Wound Closure Device:

- Discussion:
    - w/ severe extremity wounds, early radical debridement combined with early soft tissue coverage (regional
            or free flap) will decrease wound infection, flap loss, & delayed bone healing;
    - early coverage will decrease infection, wound desiccation, & necrosis of exposed tendons and bone;
            - note that tendon is the only type of tissue in the extremities that is highly vulnerable to dissecation,
                    and therefore, exposed tendons will not fair well with dressing changes and secondary wound closure;

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- Upper Extremity Reconstructive Surgery:
    - hand flaps:
    - thumb soft tissue defects

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- Lower Extremity Reconstructive Surgery:
    - gastrocnemius flap
    - soleus flap:
    - dorsalis pedis fasciocutaneous flap:
    - foot reconstuctive surgery:
    - references:
          - Preferential Use of the Posterior Approach to Blood Vessels of the Lower Leg in Microvascular Surgery.
          - Peroneal island flap for skin defects in the lower extremity.
          - Acute and definitive management of traumatic osteocutaneous defects of the lower extremity.
                  Plast Reconstr Surg 1987;80:1-14.

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- Free Flaps:
    - free fibular harvest;
    - epigastric and rectus abdominis flap:
    - latissimus dorsi
    - gracilis
    - dorsalis pedis fasciocutaneous flap
    - dorsalis pedis fasciocutaneous flap:
    - lateral arm free flap
    - scapular flap:
    - references:
          - Transfer of vascularized grafts of iliac bone to the extremities.
          - Early microsurgical reconstruction of complex trauma of the extremities.
                  Dogina M:   Plast Reconstr Surg 1986;78:285-292.
          - Postoperative course of patients treated with iliac osteocutaneous free flaps. A two- to five-year follow-up study.
          - Ideas and Innovations: Simplified Technique for Isolating Vascularized Rib Periosteal Grafts.
          - The Bipedicled Osteocutaneous Scapula Flap: A New Subscapular System Free Flap.
          - The Segmental Rectus Abdominis Free Flap for Ankle and Foot Reconstruction.
          - An Extended Approach for the Vascular Pedicle of the Lateral Arm Free Flap.
          - Further Experience With the Lateral Arm Free Flap.
          - The Lateral Arm Fascial Free Flap: Its Anatomy and Use in reconstruction;
          - The parascapular flap for treatment of lower extremity disorders.
          - The vascularized cutaneous scapular flap.

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- Misc Flaps:
    - Pedicle Flaps:
    - STSG

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The Treatment of Lower Extremity Sarcomas With Wide Excision, Radiotherapy, and Free-Flap Reconstruction.

Wound tension and blood flow in skin flaps.

Complications of 100 Consecutive Local Fasciocutaneous Flaps.

An Anatomic Review of the Delay Phenomenon: II.   Clinical Applications.

Microsurgical Free-Tissue Transfer in the Elderly Patient.

Locally applied hypothermia and microvascular muscle flap transfers.

Monitoring of free flaps with surface-temperature recordings: is it reliable.

Classification of the vascular anatomy of muscles: experimental and clinical correlation.

Muscle flap transposition with function preservation: technical and clinical considerations.

Myocutaneous free-flap transfer. Anatomical and experimental considerations.

The effects of gravity on delayed and transplanted delayed tubed flaps.

When does a random flap die .

Involvement of reactive oxygen species in post-ischaemic flap necrosis and its prevention by antioxidants.

Desmopressin decreases operative blood loss in spinal cord injury patients having flap reconstruction of pelvic pressure sores.

Comparative analysis of tissue fluorescence as related to capillary perfusion in random pattern skin flaps.

Flap physiology and the prediction of flap viability.

Tissue oxygen measurements in delayed skin flaps: a reconsideration of the mechanisms of the delay phenomenon.

Enhanced capillary blood flow in rapidly expanded random pattern flaps.

Assessment of the fluorescein dye test for prediction of skin flap viability in pigs.

Augmentation of blood flow in delayed random skin flaps in the pig: effect of length of delay period and angiogenesis.

The salutary effects of the bed on the survival of experimental flaps.

Four Types of Venous Flaps for Wound Coverage: A Clinical Appraisal.

Microsurgical Free-Tissue Transfer in the Elderly Patient.

Free-Tissue Transfers for Limb Salvage Utilizing in Situ Saphenous Vein Bypass Conduit as the Inflow.

The anatomical basis for the groin flap.
    PJ Smith et al.   Plastic Reconstructive Surgery. Vol 49. p 41-47. 1972.