– Discussion: – before retractors are placed beneath coracoid process palpate for musculocutaneous nerve as it enters conjoined tendon; – nerve lies on deep surface of coracoid muscles; – most often nerve enters coracobrachialis and biceps from medial aspect about 5 cm distal to tip of coracoid process; … Read more
– Discussion: – prevalence of scoliosis: – 10 deg curve is considered to be the threshold for scoliosis; – curves > 10 deg occur in 2.5/100; – curves > 20 deg occur in about 1/2500 … Read more
– See: Sacro-Iliac Fracture Dislocations – Management: – consider direct frx fixation from iliac crest into sacrum; – under x-ray control, long, 6.5-mm cannulated lag screws transfix the frx from iliac wing to body of S-1; – because of risk to neural structures, K guide wire usually is inserted, and its … Read more
Origin: superior 2/3 of the iliac fossa, internal border iliac crest, anterior sacroiliac, lumbosacral and iliolumbar ligaments, ala sacrum; Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur and for a short distance below along medial border of the shaft; Action: Flexes thigh at the hip, minimal activity on lateral rotation of the thigh; Reversed origin-insertion action: when the … Read more
origin: superior borders of the angles of the 3rd to 6th ribs; insertion: the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the 4th, 5th, and 6th cervical vertebrae; action: acting bilaterally, extends and hyperextends the vertebral column; nerve supply: posterior rami of the spinal nerve, C6, C7, C8 ; synergists: splenius cervicis, Semispinalis Cervicis Longissimus Cervicis
– Discussion: – hyperextension dislocation type of injury of Cervical Spine may be assoc w/ marked neurologic deficit – esp Central Cord Syndrome; – cervical cord is compressed between posteriorly dislocated vertebral body and the posterior longitudinal ligament, & posterior elements and ligamentum flavum; – Radiographs: – combination … Read more
– See: – Central Cord Syndrome: – Extension Teardrop Fracture of C2 – Hangman’s frx – Jefferson Fracture – Lower Cervical Burst Fractures – Hyperextension fracture dislocation – Prevertebral Soft Tissues – Discussion: – hyperextension injuries may include: … Read more
– See: – Anterior Subluxation & Wedge Fracture – Bilateral InterFacet Dislocation – Spinous Process Fracture (avulsion frx – “Clay Shoveler’s Frx) – Flexion Tear Drop Fracture – Discussion: – anterior subluxation is characteristic that more commonly results from a hyperflexion … Read more
– See: – Flat Feet – Sub-talar Joint – Discussion: – subtalar joint is oriented oblique to the axis of ankle joint motion (between 20° and 57°); – talar head is supported by the anterior process of the calcaneus; – … Read more
– Discussion: – positive Hoffmann’s reflex reflects presence of an upper motor neuron lesion from spinal cord compression; – is elicited by flipping either the volar or dorsal surfaces of the middle finger and observing the reflexcontration of the thumb and index finger; – this sign is evidence by upper motor … Read more