The Hip - book

Muscles Tendons

Idiopathic Scoliosis

– Discussion:     – prevalence of scoliosis:           – 10 deg curve is considered to be the threshold for scoliosis;           – curves > 10 deg occur in 2.5/100;           – curves > 20 deg occur in about 1/2500       … Read more

Iliacus

Origin: superior 2/3 of the iliac fossa, internal border iliac crest, anterior sacroiliac, lumbosacral and iliolumbar ligaments, ala sacrum; Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur and for a short distance below along medial border of the shaft; Action: Flexes thigh at the hip, minimal activity on lateral rotation of the thigh; Reversed origin-insertion action: when the … Read more

Iliocostalis Cervicis

origin: superior borders of the angles of the 3rd to 6th ribs; insertion: the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the 4th, 5th, and 6th cervical vertebrae; action: acting bilaterally, extends and hyperextends the vertebral column; nerve supply: posterior rami of the spinal nerve, C6, C7, C8 ; synergists: splenius cervicis, Semispinalis Cervicis  Longissimus Cervicis

Hypoplastic Thumb

– See:       – Absent Thumb       – Pouce Flottant Thumb – Discussion:     – hypoplastic thumb is usually short, spindly, and malpositioned;     – sometimes it is placed distally and radially on hand, & usually web space is narrow or extends distally;     – most often there … Read more

I Band

isotropic band is designated the I band; this is composed of thin filaments – composed only of actin; at higher magnification, each I band is bisected by a dark line, Z line; a sarcomere, extends between two successive Z lines & is approximately 2.2  long in resting muscle. w/ max contraction, sarcomere shortens 20-50% of its … Read more

HypoMagnesemia

  – Differential Diagnosis:       – Malabsorption, Steatorrhea, Diarrhea, Laxitive, ETOH/withdrawl, Alcoholism and Cirrhosis, Hyperthyroidism, Aldosteronism, Diuretics,       – RTA, Acute Pancreatitis Hyperparathyroidism, Hyperalimentation, NG suctioning, Chronic Dialysis, RTA, Hungry Bone syndrome,       – Hypophosphatemia, Intracellular shifts w/ respiratory acidosis or metabolic acidosis;        – Meds (Cis Platinum, Amphotericin B, Aminoglycosides Cisplatin, Ifosphamide, Insulin, … Read more

Hyperparathyroidism

(see also: Renal Osteodystrophy; Remodeling of Bone) Discussion caused by excessive production of parathyroid hormone which leads to hypercalcemia, recurrent nephrolithiasis, pancreatitis, peptic ulcers, and mental changes; incidence of approx 5 /10,000 pts per year; usually affects adults over 50 yrs & occurs more commonly in females; causes: in most cases is due to single … Read more

Hypercalcemia

– Discussion:     – physical properties     – state in body fluids          – calcium is a necessary & important addition to cell membranes, giving strength to these structures and regulating permeability;          – physiologic roles of calcium are well established;          – abnormally … Read more

Hyperextension Dislocation Injury

– Discussion:     – hyperextension dislocation type of injury of Cervical Spine may be assoc w/ marked neurologic deficit – esp Central Cord Syndrome;     – cervical cord is compressed between posteriorly dislocated vertebral body and the posterior longitudinal ligament, & posterior            elements and ligamentum flavum; – Radiographs:     – combination … Read more