- See: Multidirectional Instability:
- Radiographic Subtypes:
- Subcoracoid
- most common type of anterior dislocation
- head of humerus is displaced anteriorly w/ respect to glenoid, & is inferior to coracoid process;
- greater tuberosity is fixed on anterior glenoid rim;
- neck of scapula is elevated and carried medially, positioning inferior tip of scapula in an abducted position;
- Subglenoid:
- occurs in about 1/3 patients w/ anterior dislocation;
- head of the humerus lies anterior and below the glenoid fossa;
- the majority of these fractures are associated w/ either a greater tuberosity fracture or a fracture of the anteiror inferior glenoid rim;
- Subclavicular
- head of the humerus lies medial to the coracoid process, just inferior to the lower border of the clavicle;
- Inferior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint: luxatio erecta
- humeral head lies inferior to glenoid fossa;
- superior aspect of articular surface of humeral head is directed inferiorly and is not in contact with the inferior glenoid rim;
- severe soft tissue injuries or fractures about the proximal humerus occur with this dislocation;
- look for avulsion of the supraspinatus, pectoralis major, or teres minor muscles and fractures of the greater tuberosity;
- Arthroscopic Findings:
- ALPSA lesion
- Neviaser’s Contribution to the Treatment of ALPSA lesions
- Anterior labroligamentous periosteal avulsion lesions may be associated with higher rate of recurrent dislocations than Bankart lesions following arthroscopic capsulolabral repair
- glad lesion
- perthes lesion
- scapular periosteum remains intact but is stripped medially
- reference:
- Which labral lesion can be best reduced with external rotation of the shoulder after a first-time traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation?
Year Book: [Erect Dislocation of the Shoulder (Luxatio Erecta Humeri): General Review of 10 Cases.]
Luxatio erecta: the inferior glenohumeral dislocation.
Brachial plexus injury with erect dislocation of the shoulder.