Data Trace Editor – See: Anesthesia Considerations and Timing – PreOp Management: – Etiology of Fracture: – arrhythmia: consider continuous monitoring – hypoxia – osteoporosis – pathologic hip fractures – seizure – stroke – … Read more
– Discussion: – radial styloid frxs most commonly occur from tension forces sustained during ulnar deviation and supination of the wrist; – strong radiocarpal ligament, particularly radioscaphocapitate ligament, avulse radial styloid from metaphysis of the radius; – ligamentous attachments maintains alignment radial styloid to carpus, but styloid may be markedly displaced from … Read more
– Discussion: – type I, type II, and type III are most common; – type IV: – is also referred to as Refsum disease; – associated w/ excess phytanic acid; – type V: – inherited spastic paraplegia with distal weakness in the limbs; – usually presents in the second decade of life or later; – … Read more
– See: diabetic foot menu – Diabetic Charcot Foot and Ankle: – originally described in the 1860s by the neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot; – may occur w or w/o neuropathic ulceration (mal perforant): – typically appears in 5th and 6th decades; – often occurs in the face of a relatively “normal vascular exam;” – neuropathic ulcerations are … Read more
– See: Hypokalemia T wave become flat (or inverted – ST segment depression) w/ the appearance of U waves (a positive deflection after the T wave); Moderate: Extreme: /\ flat T /\ _ U wave __/\_/ \ ________/\_ ___/\_/ \ __ / \__ \/ U wave \/ \_/ T inversion
Short QT interval, Prolonged PR interval /\ ___/\_/ \_/\__
– Down sloping -concave – ST segment; Find a Lead w/ no S wave to identify the pattern; Digitalis Toxicity: –r/o Hypokalemia; – Arrhythmia: – PVC, Bigeminy, Trigeminy, – Ventricular Tach w/ AV dissociation – Ventricular Fibrillation – Atrial Fibrillation, – PAT w/block – Nodal Rhytms – Sinus Bradycardia – Conduction abnormalities: – SA block, … Read more
– Discussion: – since blood supply to growth plate comes from epiphyseal side, two ischemic episodes also produce ischemic changes in growth plate; – cartilage columns become distorted with some loss of their cellular components; – they do not undergoe normal ossification, which results in … Read more
– See: Fracture Dislocations of the Spine: Flexion Distraction Injuries: – Discussion: – Chance frx & posterior ligament rupture (variant of flexion distraction injury pattern) maypresent w/ minor anterior vertebral compression; – in Chance frx, the anterior column fails in tension (along w/ the middle … Read more
– See: Burst Frx: – Discussion: – this fracture involves loss of vertebral body height anteriorly; – posterior wall remains intact, & upper vertebra rotates downward about two facet joints; – posterior ligaments become taut when anterior ht loss is approx 25%; – compression of > 50% with … Read more