The Hip - book

Chemical Burns

– See: Burn Management: – Discussion:     – treatment: copious saline irrigation;     – hydrofluoric acid          – severe pain          – note that this chemical may be found in hydraulic oil;          – treatment subcutaneous 10% calcium gluconate     – white phosphorous … Read more

Chemistry of Skeletal Muscle

– Myosin:     – largest of myofibrillar proteins, and it makes up > 50% of muscle mass;     – it constitutes thick filament of the contractile unit;     – myosin molecule resembles a thin rod with two small, globular heads;     – heads of chains protrude from thick filament;     … Read more

Chemistry Panel

   Hypo Na                 Hypernatremia    Hypo K                   Hyperkalemia    Hypo Cl                   Hyper Cl    Decr HCO3            Incr HCO3    Hypo Gly                 Hyperglycemia    Creatinine    BUN    Hypo Ca     … Read more

Changes w/ Hypokalemia

– See: Hypokalemia T wave become flat (or inverted – ST segment depression) w/ the appearance of U waves (a positive deflection after the T wave); Moderate: Extreme: /\ flat T /\ _ U wave __/\_/ \ ________/\_ ___/\_/ \ __ / \__ \/ U wave \/ \_/ T inversion

Charcot Changes in the Diabetic Foot and Ankle

 – See: diabetic foot menu – Diabetic Charcot Foot and Ankle: – originally described in the 1860s by the neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot; – may occur w or w/o neuropathic ulceration (mal perforant): – typically appears in 5th and 6th decades; – often occurs in the face of a relatively “normal vascular exam;” – neuropathic ulcerations are … Read more

Cervical Stenosis

– See:       – Cross Table Lateral       – Spondylosis – Discussion:     – risk of spinal cord injury with damage to cervical vertebrae is greater in individuals who have narrow spinal-canal diameters;     – narrow mid-sagittal spinal-canal diameter increases risk of severe neurological injury from spinal frx or … Read more

Chance Fracture of the Spine

– See:     Fracture Dislocations of the Spine:     Flexion Distraction Injuries: – Discussion:     – Chance frx & posterior ligament rupture (variant of flexion distraction injury pattern) maypresent w/ minor anterior vertebral compression;           – in Chance frx, the anterior column fails in tension (along w/ the middle … Read more

Changes in the Growth Plate

– Discussion:     – since blood supply to growth plate comes from epiphyseal side, two ischemic episodes also produce ischemic changes in growth plate;     – cartilage columns become distorted with some loss of their cellular components;             – they do not undergoe normal ossification, which results in … Read more

Changes w/ DIGITALIS

– Down sloping  -concave – ST segment; Find a Lead w/ no S wave to identify the pattern; Digitalis Toxicity: –r/o Hypokalemia;  – Arrhythmia:  – PVC, Bigeminy, Trigeminy,  – Ventricular Tach w/ AV dissociation  – Ventricular Fibrillation  – Atrial Fibrillation,  – PAT w/block  – Nodal Rhytms  – Sinus Bradycardia  – Conduction abnormalities:  – SA block, … Read more