Minoxidil/Loniten
– Discussion: – for severe HTN associated with end organ damage; – is a direct smooth muscle dilator; – Adult: – 5mg PO qd, increase as needed to 40 mg/day in 1-2 doses; – maximum daily dose is 100 mg/day
Data Trace Editor
Minute volume
– product of respiratory Rate and tidal volume; – note: oxygenation is Independent of minute volume until ventilation is very low. hence: increasing minute volume does not improve oxygenation; – note: CO2 removal is directly dependent on minute volume. – pCO2 should be maintained at 40 mm or less; – w/ Met. acidosis: consider: – … Read more
Middle Column: the posterior half of the vertebral body
– See: Ligamentous Instability: – Discussion: – compressive forces are transmitted thru the posterior vertebral body wall onto the two Uncovertebral joints; – there is no significant disk material in this middle column; – tensile forces are w/ stood by posterior longitudinal ligament and the posterior Annulus fibrosus; … Read more
Middle Facet of Subtalar Joint
– Discussion: – slightly concave, is situated on the sustenaculum tali; – sustenaculum forms the floor of middle facet; – between middle & posterior articular facets lies interosseous sulcus (calcaneal groove), which opens broadly laterally & forms, w/ talar sulcus, sinus tarsi; – Radiology: – medial oblique axial … Read more
Middle Phalanx Frx
– See: – Characteristics of Phalangeal and Metacarpal Fracture: – Injury to the Phalanges: – Discussion: – important deforming force is the insertion of central slip into the dorsum of the base of the middle phalanx & insertion of flexor digitorum superficialis volarly; – … Read more
Midfoot / Forefoot Fractures
– See: – Cuboid Fracture – Jones Fracture – Lisfranc’s Fracture – Midtarsal Injuries – Navicular – Stress Fractures of the Forefoot and Midfoot – Transverse Tarsal Joint – Discussion: – fifth metatarsal fracture patterns; – Avulsion frx of base of 5th metatarsal from pull of peroneus brevis; – Jones frx – transverse fracture thru … Read more
Midtarsal Fracture
(see also: Midfoot/Forefoot Fractures; Navicular Frx; Cuboid Frx; Longitudinal Stress Injuries of Midtarsal Joint) Medial Stress Injury type of sprain of the midtarsal joint; caused by inversion of the foot, inaddition, fracture subluxation of joint may be found; Lateral Stress Injury this injury is frequently misdiagnosed as an ankle sprain; characteristic feature of these injuries … Read more
Microfracture Technique for Knee Injuries
– Discussion: – see management of osteochondral injuries and cartilage menu – microfracture is a knee surgery that involves the creation of multiple perforations (microfractures in the subchondral bone) in areas that are cartilage deficient. – theory behind this type of technique is that simple abrasion arthroplasty may not allow a sustained reparative response (no more than 2 weeks of healing) where … Read more
Microscopic Features of Bone
– Discussion: – osteoclasts are found in most of bone tumors, or at least there are multinucleated cells that look like osteoclasts; – there cells are quite striking in appearance; – host bone involved by a tumor reacts to it in a very limited manner; – … Read more
Mid-Carpal Instability
– Discussion: (see: dynamic instability); – type of non dissociative carpal instability; – capitolunate joint has high potential for instability, since it is mainly stabilized only by radiocapitate ligament (and captiotriquetral ligament, to a lesser degree); (see wrist ligaments); – may result from malreduced radial styloid frx, or any … Read more