- Discussion:
    - after age two years, most septic arthritis in children is caused by S. aureus (about 50%) or streptococci (25 %) so empiric coverage is directed toward these pathogens;
    - in teenagers, gonococcal arthritis now predominates and is exquisitely sensitive to penicillin;
    - for patients with sickle-cell dz, salmonella is a pathogen in up to 85% of bone and joint infections;
    - Kingella kingai:
          - gram negative coccobacillus which may affect young children;
          - BACTEC media is helpful to isolate cultures

-------------------------------------

- Septic Arthritis and Acute Rheumatic Fever in Children: The Diagnostic Value of Serological Inflammatory Markers