- Description
-
I
Open (usually from stabbing)
- II
Closed (usually from motorcycle accident)
- IIa
Supraclavicular
- preganglionic:
- avulsion of nerve roots, usually from high speed injuries
with other injuries and LOC;
- no proximal stump, no neuroma formation (neg Tinel's)
- pseudomeningocele, denervation of neck muscles are common
- horner's sign (ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis)
- postgangionic:
- roots remain intact;
- usually from traction injuries;
- there are proximal stump and neuroma formation (pos Tinel's)
- deep dorsal neck muscles are intact, and pseudomeningoceles
will not develop;
- Infraclavicular Lesion:
- usually involves branches from the trunks (supraclavicular);
- function is affected based on trunk involved;
- Trunk Injured
Functional Loss
Upper
biceps , shoulder muscles
Middle
Wrist and Finger Extension;
Lower
Wrist and Finger Flexion;
-
III
Radiation induced
-
IV
Obstetric
-
IVa
Erb's
(upper root) - waiter's tip hand;
-
IVb
Klumpke (lower root);
