- Dose:
- maximum single doses should not > 150-175 mg w/o Epi;
- Local Anesthesia:
- 5 ml to the maximal recommended dose (25 milligrams to maximal dosage) w/ 0.5% solution, which produces
moderate to complete motor blockade;
- Arthroscopic surgery:
- 30 mL of 0.75% bupivacaine was injected into knee joint is max dose;
- Post Op Anesthesia:
- intra-articular injection of 30 cc of 0.5 % bupivacaine w/ 1:200,000 epinephrine;
- peach serum levels are reached 30 min after injection;
- in TKR may decrease need for narcotics by 25%;
- Toxic Levels:
- 2,000 nonograms per ml (2 micrograms per ml);
Anesthetic properties and toxicity of bupivacaine and lidocaine for infiltration anesthesia.
Bupivacaine infusion for iliac crest donor sites.
In vitro exposure to 0.5% bupivacaine is cytotoxic to bovine articular chondrocytes.
Chondrolysis after continuous intra-articular bupivacaine infusion: an experimental model investigating chondrotoxicity in the rabbit shoulder.
Postarthroscopic Glenohumeral Chondrolysis
Comparison of Ropivacaine and Bupivacaine Toxicity in Human Articular Chondrocytes
