– Discussion: – spiral band is continuation of pretendinous cord; – at a point just distal to the superficial transverse palmar ligament (which is just proximal to the metacarpal heads), the pretendinous cord bifurcates to form the spiral bands; – spiral band passes deep to the … Read more
– See: Cervical Spine in Ankylosing Spondylitis – Clinical Findings: – loss of lumbar lordosis; – back motion is limited; – note that ability to lean forward has more to do with hip flexion than lumbar spine flexion; – w/ forward … Read more
– Discussion: – vertebral bodies are the skeletal elements most at risk of frx in this disease; – progressive loss of stature results in progressive shortening of paraspinal musculature which therefore requires more prolonged active contraction for maintenance of posture (resulting in pain of muscle fatigue); … Read more
Origin: the spinous process of the 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae, the thoracic vertebrae 10, 11, 12; insertion: the spinous process of the thoracic vertebrae 3-8 and sometimes 9; action: acting unilaterally, lateral flexion of the spine; acting bilaterally, extension and hyperextension of the spine; nerve supply: posterior rami of the spinal nerves; synergists: Semispinalis Thoracis, … Read more
– Discussion: – disease of infancy and childhood, however, severity of disease is variable in its severity and progression; – transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait; – there is degeneration of the anterior horn cells of spinal cord w/ associated muscle weakness and atrophy; – its most … Read more
origin: the lower portion of the ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of the 7th cervical and sometimes the 1st and 2nd thoracic vertebrae spinous process; insertion: the spinous process of axis and sometimes the 3rd and 4th cervical spinous process; action: acting unilaterally, lateral flexion of the spine; acting bilaterally, extension and hyperextension … Read more
– See: Neuro Exam: – Discussion: – vertebral canal houses the spinal cord and its meningeal coverings; – medulla oblongata is continuous w/ spinal cord at foramen magnum, &spinal cord usually ends inferiorly at level of 1st or 2nd lumbar vertebra; – filum terminale: … Read more
– Diff Dx: – Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; – Poliomyelitis; – Spinal Muscular Atrophy; – EMG will reveal a neuropathic disorder, w/ muscle denervation; – nerve-conduction velocities are normal; – EMG: Diff Dx: – typically, an EMG of patient w/ … Read more
– Discussion: – spasticity is defined as “a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes;” – muscle contractions, which can be violent, may also occur, initiated by even slight stimulation; – severity of spasticity is difficult to measure and can vary from moment to moment; – Medications: – diazepam … Read more
– See: DDH – Discussion: – provides excellent congruity at site of osteotomy, rapid healing, & intrinsic stability with only minimum internal fixation; – performed through anterior approach; – specially curved gouges are used to divide acetabulum from surrounding pelvis through osteotomy site 15 mm from articular surface; … Read more