---

- Rates of 8-12 are appropriate for adults; 
- 20-25 for newborns 
- 15-20 for small children. 
- w/ high pCO2: must increase @TechImPOxGna[Minute Vol; (always ensure that ventilator is functioning properly, esp check for a leak around the cuff of the endotracheal tube or in ventilatory tube, or connections, or if the endotracheal tube has become dislodged 
- (Check Breath sounds / chest expansion); 
- if tidal volume is already at the upper limits of suggested range, or if peak inspiratory pressures are high ( > 60), or if there is prominent chest expansion w/ each breath, one would be inclined to increase rate rather than volume. 
- if rate is already at the upper limits of range, or if peak inspiratory pressures are low, and if chest expansion w/ each breath is not marked, tidal volume may be safely increased. 
- w/ Low pCO2: must decrease Minute Vol (note: mild respiratory alkalosis is desirable, and usually minute ventilation is not decrease unless pCO2 < 30 mm Hg) 
- decr min. volume may occur by decr rate or tidal volume.