---

- See:
      - Obstetrical Paralysis
      - Shoulder in brachial plexus injuries:

- Discussion:
    - nonbirth-related Brachial Plexus injuries in children are rare;
    - as result, very little has been written about this topic;
    - over 50% have assoc head injuries consistent with high-energy trauma;
    - supraclavicular nerve lesions predominate as in obstetric palsies;
    - root avulsion is common;

- Natural History:
    - most pts will show some spontaneous recovery;
    - prognosis is good if there is early, partial recovery before third month;
    - prognosis is poor when there is a lack of clinical neurologic recovery by the third month following injury;

- Surgical Treatment:
    - prognosis is poor when there is a lack of clinical neurologic recovery by the third month;
         - in such cases, early surgical intervention is warranted;
    - surgery is directed at restoration of hand sensation and elbow flexion