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Cement Mixing Technique for TJR

- See: Addition of Antibiotics to Cement

- Discussion:
    - full discussion of technique for cementing femoral stems
    - mixing under vacuum reduces retained air & incr cement strength;
    - typically 2 bags are needed;
    - slower mixing of cement over a shorter time decreases air voids within cement and thus improves the strength characteristics;
    - characteristics of cement are markedly improved by centrifugation.
           - 24% increase in ultimate tensile strength;
           - 54% improvement in mean ultimate tensile strain;
           - 136% increase in mean fatigue life;
    - vaccum mixing:

 - Addition of Antibiotics to Cement for Knee Replacement:
       - Antibiotic Bone Cement and the Incidence of Deep Infection after Total Knee Arthroplasty
       - Prophylactic use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement in primary total knee replacement.
       - Antibiotic-impregnated cement in revision total knee arthroplasty. A prospective cohort study of one hundred and eighty-three knees.
       - Prophylactic use of antibiotic bone cement: an emerging standard--in opposition.
       - Prophylactic use of antibiotic bone cement: an emerging standard--in the affirmative.
       - Effectiveness of gentamicin-impregnated cement in the prevention of deep wound infection after primary total knee arthroplasty.

- Cement Disease


Optimum pore size for bone cement fixation.

Tissue response to particulate polymethylmethacrylate in mice with various immune deficiencies.

The effect of centrifuging bone cement.  

Emboli observed with use of transesophageal echocardiography immediately after tourniquet release during total knee arthroplasty with cement.