Medical Malpractice Insurance for orthopaedic surgeons

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LOPERAMIDE/IMODIUM

– Discussion:  – for acute nonspecific diarrhea, chronic diarrhea, reduction of volume discharge from ileostomies  -slows intestinal transient time;  – Adult: 4 mg PO initially, then 2 mg after each loose stool, up to 16mg/day;  – Peds:  – 0.4-0.8 mg/kg/24hr PO divided q6-12 hr until diarrhea resolves or for 7 days maximum; – not recomended … Read more

Longus Colli

Anatomy origin: from bondies of the 5th, 6th, and 7th cervical and the 1st, 2nd and 3rd thoracic vertebrae, with the slips from transverse processes; insertion: it lies on the anterior surface of the vertebral bodies between C1 and T3; bodies of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th cervicals with slips to transverse processes; action: acting bilaterally, … Read more

Longus Capitis

origin: anterior tubercles of transverse processes of the 3rd to 6th cervical vertebrae; insertion: inferior surfaces of the basilar portion of the occipital. action:    – acting bilaterally, flexes cervical vertebrae and head;    – acting unilaterally, rotates and flexes cervical vertebrae and head to the same side; nerve supply: muscular branches of C1, C2, … Read more

Longitudinal Stress Injuries of Midtarsal Joint

– Discussion:     – usually severe mid-tarsal injury w/ a high incidence of assoc frx;     – these injuries occur w/ foot in varying degrees of plantarflexion, w/ force being applied to metatarsal heads & transmitted proximally along rays to disrupt midtarsal joint and frx of cuboid or navicular;     – w/ … Read more

Longitudinal Meniscal Tear

  – longitudinal tears, which usually involve the posterior portion of the meniscus, are the most common meniscal lesions;   – in many cases, gross inspection reveals only slight irregularities in inner border of the meniscus;   – probing is necessary to establish the presence of a tear;   – the meniscus should be probed from its … Read more

Longitudinal Growth

– See:       – Limb Development       – Pediatric Bone Circulation       – Salter Harris       – Epiphyseal Physis: – Discussion:     – longitudinal growth depends on both proliferation and hypertrophy of chondrocytes in the growth plate;     – longitudinal growth of bone is complicated … Read more

Longissimus Thoracis

origin: the common broad thich tendon with Iliocostalis Lumborum, fibers from the transverse and mamillary processes of the lumbar         vertebrae and lumbrosacral aponeurosis; insertion: the tips of transverse process of all thoracic vertebrae and the lower 9 or 10 ribs between the tubercles and angles; action: acting unilaterally, extension of vertebral column … Read more

Longissimus Capitis

origin: transverse processes of the 1st to 5th thoracic vertebrae and the articular processes of the 4th to 7th cervical vertebrae; insertion: the posterior margin of the mastoid process; action: acting bilaterally, extends and hyperextends head; acting unilaterally, flexes and rotates the head the same side; synergists:    Semispinalis capitis , spinalis capitis,  Longissimus Cervicis

Long Thoracic Nerve

– Discussion: – long thoracic nerve is derived from ventral rami of C5, C6, & C7 – close to their emergence from intervertebral foramina; – it runs downward & pases either in front of or behind middle scalene muscle; – it reaches upper slip of serratius anterior muscle & descends on outer surface of this … Read more