- See:
Osteoporosis:
- Bony Trabeculae of the Proximal Femur:
- Ward's Triangle
- Greater Trochanteric Group
- Secondary Compressive Group
- Secondary Tensile Group
- Principal Tensile Group
- Principal Compressive Group
Singh et. al. JBJS. 1970 (52-A) 457-467;
- Grade VI:
- all normal trabecular groups are visible
- upper end of femur seems to be completely occupied by cancellous bone;
- Grade V:
- principal tensile & principal compressive trabeculae is accentuated;
- Ward's triangle appears prominent;
- Grade IV:
- principal tensile trabeculae are markedly reduced but can still be
traced from lateral cortex to upper part of the femoral neck;
- Grade III:
- there is a break in the continuity of the principal tensile
trabeculae opposite the greater trochanter;
- this grade indicates definite osteoporosis;
- Grade II:
- only principal compressive trabeculae stand out prominently;
- remaining trabeculae have been essentially absorbed;
- Grade I:
- principal compressive trabeculae are markedly reduced in number and
are no longer prominent;
- Discussion:
- if bone is osteoporotic consider placing screws low in femoral head, so that
incidence of cutting out will be decreased;
