- Discussion: - Urine pH less than 6 is common in pre-renal azotemia and unusual in acute tubular necrosis;
- Acid: - High Protein, Ammonium Chloride, Mandelic Acid & Chlorothiazide Acidosis,
ketoacidosis (Starvation,
DKA), COPD; - Uric acid, cyytine and calcium oxalate stones precipitate in acid urines; - Meats and cranberry juice makes the urine acid;
- Basic: - UTI, RTA, Diet (High Vegetable, Milk, Immediately after Meals, - NaHCO3, Vomiting,
metabolic alkalosis; - Renal calculi (CaPO4, CaCO3, and Mg PO4, develop in alkaline urine) - Streptomycin, neomycin, & kanamycin are effective in GU infections provided the urine is alkaline; - Citrus fruits and most vegetables (legumes) makes urine alkaline;
