Origin: anterior surface of transverse process, lateral border of vertebral bodies and corresponding intervertebral discs of T12-
L5;
Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur and for short distance below along medial border of the shaft;
Action: flexion of the thigh at the hip; minimal action in lateral rotatioin and abduction of the thigh;
Synergists: illiacus,
adductor brevis,
adductor longus, adductor magnus,
rectus femoris
Reversed origin insertion action: when the thigh is fixed, the psoas muscle pulls on the vertebrae and flexes the spine and pelvis on thigh;
Nerve supply:
lumbar plexus,
L2
>
L1,
L3,
L4; (See
innervation)
- Coxa saltans: (snapping hip)
- patients note audible snapping that occurs with flexion and extension of the hip;
- pain usually occurs with activity;
-
sub-types:
- external
- most common;
- snapping of either the posterior border of the IT band or the anterior border of the gluteus maximus over the greater trochanter;
- internal
- may be a cause of a
painful total hip replacement
- snapping of the iliopsoas tendon over the iliopectineal eminence occurs as the tendon snaps across bony prominences when
the hip is extended from a flexed position;
- patients note painful snapping sensation over the anterior aspect of the groin;
- snapping is reproduced by having the patient bring the hip from a flexed and abducted position to an extended and adducted position;
- snap occurs as the iliopsoas tendon shifting from lateral to medial over the iliopectineal eminence;
- treatment:
- in the report by Gary S. Gruen et al (JBJS-Br June 2002), the authors discuss surgical treatment of snapping hip syndrome;
- in 30 patients with symptoms in their anterior hip, internal snapping hip was diagnosed by H and P;
- all patients were initially treated nonoperatively and 63% improved and did not require further intervention.
- 11 patients (12 hips) whose symptoms were recalcitrant to physical therapy were offered the surgical option of iliopsoas tendon lengthening;
- procedure was performed via an ilioinguina intrapelvic approach;
- all 11 surgically treated patients (100%) had complete postoperative mitigation of their snapping hip;
- 9 (82%) reported excellent pain relief;
- intra-articular
- caused by a loose body in the joint, such as a fracture fragment or a torn piece of labrum;
- Psoas Abscess:
- diff dx:
septic arthritis of the hip;
- absecesses are experitoneal and follow course of iliopsoas muscle;
- occassionally abscess burrows beneath Poupart's ligament and is seen subQ in the proximal third of the thigh in the adductor region;
- drainage may be accomplished posteriorly thru Petit's triangle, by a lateral incision along the crest of the ilium, or anteriorly under
Poupart's ligament, depending on the size of the abscess and the area in which it appears;
Enlarged iliopsoas bursa. An unusual cause of thigh mass and hip pain.
Primary iliopsoas bursography in the diagnosis of disorders of the hip.
Tendon transfers in the paralytic hip.
The snapping hip syndrome
Primary pyogenic abscess of the psoas muscle.
Surgical Correction of the Snapping Iliopsoas Tendon in Adolescents
Surgical Correction of Internal Coxa Saltans. A 20-Year Consecutive Study.
