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Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
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Epigastric and Rectus Abdominis Flap





- Discussion:
    - inferior epigastric pedicle is long (8 to 10 cm) and reliable;
    - muscle width of 8 to 10 cm is limited, and the skin paddle is long &
          bulky when compared to the Latissimus Dorsi;
    - rectus abdominis muscle can be harvested thru either a transverse or
          paramedian approach;
    - muscle is divided superiorly and reflected inferiorly along plane of
          posterior rectus fascia;
    - peritoneal perforator in the periumbilical region should be identified
          and ligated before division;
    - major pedicle is found by reflecting the anterior rectus fascia laterally, & by
          reflecting anterior rectus fascia laterally, & by skeletonizingg the vessels in
          caudal fashion to external iliac artery and veins;
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The extended deep inferior epigastric pedicle flap for lower extremity
    reconstruction.

The deep inferior epigastric artery free skin flap: anatomic study and
      clinical application.

The rectus abdominis free flap for lower extremity reconstruction.

The Segmental Rectus Abdominis Free Flap for Ankle and Foot Reconstruction.





Original Text by Clifford R. Wheeless, III, MD.