Causes of Hypercalcemia

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- See:
    - Ossification of Soft Tissue and Periosteum:

    - Metastatic Bone Tumors (prostate, thyroid, kidney, breast, lung)
    - Hyperparathyroidism
    - PTH secreting tumors (lung, kidney, ovary, colon), multiple myeloma
    - Vitamin D
            - amount of Vit D required to produce HyperCa is > 50,000 U/week;
    - Vitamin A
    - Ca excess
    - Osteoporosis, Immobilization, Milk alkalisyndrome (antacids)
    - Paget's dz
    - Idiopathic hypercalcemia of infants, Infantile Hypo-phosphatasia,
    - Thiazide meds
    - Chronic RF
    - Sarcoidosis
          - 10% of patients may have hyperCa
          - 50% will have hyperuricemia;
    - Adrenal insufficiency
    - Acromegaly
    - Estrogens and antiestrogens
            - cause hypercalcemia in approximately 30% of patients when used to
                  treat breast cancer, which is metastatic to the skeleton;
    - Lithium:
            - hypercalcemia may occur with doses greater than 900 mg/day;
    - Milk-Alkali Syndrome:
            - may occur with large consumption of milk and calcium alkaline salts
                    (usually calcium carbonate);
    - Hyperthyroidism
    - Bed Rest: (spine injury);
            - may cause hypercalciuria;