- See:
Skin Prep:
- Discussion:
-
3M™ DuraPrep™
- iodophors need not be removed, since they are less likely to result in skin irration;
- iodophors are solutions in which iodine is chemically bound to polyvinylpyrrolidone or a comparable molecule;
- they are water soluble, less irritating to skin and other tissues than tincture, and are non staining;
- iodophores are also non-irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes;
- they act by penetrating the bacterial cell wall, oxidation, and substitution of microbial cell contents with free iodine;
- iodophores require about 2 min of contact time to allow release of free iodine;
- iodine and iodophors have a wide range of antibacterial actions against
gram positive &
neg bacteria, tubercle bacilli, fungi, & viruses;
- some act against spores;
- upon drying, the antimicrobial action of iodophores declines rapidly because of the unavailability of free iodine;
- most widely used iodophore for surgical scrub is povidone iodine which contains 7.5 percent iodine, of which 1 percent
is available as free iodine;
- Cautions:
- free iodine causes and increased risk for skin irritation, it should be removed after 2-3 min.
- tincture:
- iodophors have virtually replaced tincture of iodine because they do not cause burning sensation when applied to raw tissue, are water soluble,
and are as effective as tincture for all practical purposes;
- most effective tincture of iodine is 1 to 2 percent iodine and potassium iodine in 70 percent alcohol solution;
- it should be removed with 70 alcohol after dying because it may cause chemical dermatitis;
- always note that free iodine may increase serum levels in the patient;
- references:
- Visual Loss after Povidone–Iodine Pleurodesis
Povidone-iodine and tensile strength of wounds in rats.
Comparison of silver sulfadiazine, povidone-iodine and physiologic saline in the treatment of chronic pressure ulcers.
Bactericidal activity and toxicity of iodine-containing solutions in wounds.
Damage to tissue defenses by a topical anesthetic agent.
Studies in management of the contaminated wound. 3. Assessment of the effectiveness of irrigation with antiseptic agents.
Studies in the management of the contaminated wound. V. An assessment of the effectiveness of pHisoHex and Betadine surgical scrub solutions.
Reduction in amputation stump infection by antiseptic pre-operative preparation.
Evaluation of topical povidone-iodine ointment in experimental burn wound sepsis. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. [JC:p9s 54(3):328-34, 1974 Sep.
Comparison of a one-step iodophor skin preparation versus traditional preparation in total joint surgery.
Reduction in amputation stump infection by antiseptic pre-operative preparation.
Disinfection of surgical wounds without inhibition of normal wound healing.
Cellular and bacterial toxicities of topical antimicrobials.
Topical antimicrobial toxicity.
Comparison of a one-step iodophor skin preparation versus traditional preparation in total joint surgery.
Effect of povidone-iodine and saline soaking on bacterial counts in acute, traumatic, contaminated wounds.
A comparison of wound irrigation solutions used in the emergency department.
Reduced bacteria on transplantable allograft skin after preparation with chlorhexidine gluconate, povidone-iodine, and isopropanol.
In-vitro evaluation of povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
A prospective trial of prophylactic povidone iodine in lacerations of the hand.
Acute compartment syndrome caused by organically bound iodine solutions: A study of the toxic effects on synovial cells and fibroblasts.
Spar, I., Lovett, E., and Krakauer, K.: Orthop. Trans. 5:430, 1981.
................................ ............................. ...................................... ............................. .................................. .............
