Injuries to the clavicle and acromioclavicular joint. x

---

Neviaser RJ. x Orthopedic Clinics of North America. [JC:okn] 18(3):433-8, 1987 Jul. x Fractures of the clavicle are a common lesion best treated by closed x means. In the unusual instance that nonunion develops or early x irreversible vascular or neurologic compromise is present, an x intramedullary Knowles pin is the preferred method of fixation. Injuries x of the acromioclavicular joint usually can be treated symptomatically. x Types 3A and B require early operative intervention. For the few patients x who have late symptoms from types 2 or 3, an acromioclavicular x arthroplasty, joint stabilization, and transference of the coracoacromial x ligament to form a superior acromioclavicular ligament are used. x