Fractures of the Radius and Ulna Menu

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- Radius Anatomy: 
    - radius is a curved bone with an apex lateral bow with an apex lateral bow; 
    - cylindral in the proximal third, triangular in the middle third, and flat distally ;
    - radius & ulna lie parallel to each other when forearm is supinated;
    - during pronation radius crosses ulna, rotating on axis that passes from capitulum through the distal end of ulna; 
    - proximal radioulnar joint is most stable in supination where the broadest part of the radial head contacts the radial notch of the ulna and the interosseous membrane is taut
    - interosseous membrane:
            - radius and ulna are joined by proximal & distal RU joints & by interosseous membrane, which is directed obliquely downward from radius to ulna;
            - since ulna does not articulate w/ carpi, direction of interosseous membrane is important in transmission of longitudinal forces from radius to ulna; 

- Ulna Anatomy:
    - ulna has a triangular shape throughout, with an apex posterior bow in the proximal third
    - ular side of wrist is supported by TFCC, which articulates w/ both lunate and triquetrium;
    - ulnar attachment of TFC is to base of ulnar styloid & distally to triquetrum w/ volar ulnocarpal ligaments; 

- Function al Anatomy:
    - average range of pronation/supination is 90/90 degrees (50/50 degrees necessary for activities of daily living)
    - middle third deformity has a greater effect on supination, with the distal third affecting pronation to a greater degree 

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- Both Bone Fractures:
     - fractures of the adult ulna

- Pediatric Forearm Fractures: 
     - Pediatric Both Bone Forearm Fractures 
     - Pediatric Ulnar Fracture 
     - Green Stick Frx 
     - Distal Ulnar Physeal Fractures 
     - Monteggia's Fracture 
             - in the child, it is essential to have 3 views of the elbow: (AP, lateral, and oblique) before a Monteggia frx can be ruled out;
             - this is especially true in proximal ulnar shaft frx; 

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- Types of Radius Fractures 

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    - proximal radial fractures:
         - radial head frx 
         - radial neck frx 
    - Distal Radius Fractures:   (Synthes Distal Radius Products)
         - barton's fracture - dorsal
         - barton's fracture - volar
         - chauffeur's fracture
         - colles fracture
         - intra-articular fractures of distal radius 
         - pediatric distal radius fracture 
    - radial shaft fractures: 
         - radial shaft fractures: discussion 
         - both bone fractures 
         - galeazzi's fracture

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Ezekiel 30:21 (King James Version)